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Epidemiology
24 entries
1918 Flu W Shaped
A distinctive feature of the 1918 Spanish Flu was the W shaped mortality curve. Typical influenza pandemics produce a U ...
Spanish Flu WWI
The global spread of the 1918 Spanish Flu was dramatically accelerated by World War I troop movements. The first wave in...
HIV Patient Zero
The concept of Patient Zero in the HIV epidemic originated from a misunderstanding. The CDC identified a French Canadian...
COVID Wet Market
The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan, China, was identified as the likely site of the initial SARS-CoV-2 spillov...
R0 Basic Reproduction
The basic reproduction number R0 pronounced R naught is a central concept in infectious disease epidemiology. R0 represe...
Herd Immunity
Herd immunity, also called community immunity, occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to an infec...
Seven Coronaviruses
Seven coronaviruses are known to infect humans. Four cause common colds: HCoV 229E identified in 1965, HCoV OC43 in 1967...
One Health Approach
The One Health approach recognizes that human health, animal health, and environmental health are interconnected. Approx...
Fomite Transmission
Fomite transmission refers to the spread of pathogens through contaminated surfaces or objects. Early in the COVID 19 pa...
Asymptomatic Spread
Asymptomatic transmission is the spread of an infectious disease by individuals who show no symptoms. This phenomenon wa...
Spanish Flu China
The 1918 Spanish Flu may have originated in northern China, not Europe. Historian Mark Humphries found archival evidence...
Tuberculosis Europe
Tuberculosis was the leading cause of death in industrializing Europe and America in the 18th and 19th centuries, earnin...
Meningitis Belt
The African Meningitis Belt spans approximately 26 countries from Senegal to Ethiopia, home to 450 million people. Epide...
Scurvy Age of Sail
Scurvy, caused by vitamin C deficiency, is often said to have killed more sailors during the Age of Sail than warfare, s...
1918 Flu St Louis
St Louis is frequently cited as an example of early pandemic response. When the first Spanish Flu cases appeared in earl...
HIV Origin Kinshasa
Genetic studies suggest HIV 1 group M crossed from chimpanzees to humans in southeastern Cameroon in the early 20th cent...
Covid Africa
Africa experienced fewer COVID cases and deaths than predicted by early models. The continent had reported roughly 12 mi...
Covid Obesity
Obesity was identified as a major risk factor for severe COVID 19 early in the pandemic. A CDC study found that approxim...
R0 Measles Outbreak
Measles has the highest R0 of any infectious disease at 12 to 18, meaning one case can infect up to 18 susceptible peopl...
Spanish Flu Inuit
The 1918 Spanish Flu devastated Indigenous populations globally. In Alaska, some Alaska Native villages were nearly wipe...
Spanish Flu Indigenous
Indigenous populations suffered disproportionate mortality during the 1918 Spanish Flu. In Labrador, approximately one t...
Covid Long Research
Long COVID research accelerated after millions of people reported persistent symptoms following acute infection. The NIH...
Polio Pakistan
Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only countries where wild poliovirus remains endemic. Pakistan reported 1 case in 2021,...
Covid Variants Flu
COVID and influenza are both respiratory viruses but differ significantly. SARS CoV 2 has a higher R0 than seasonal infl...